研究对象: AVGO,CRWD,PANW,NDX
财务数据复核
口径说明
| 项目 | 口径 |
|---|---|
| 覆盖对象 | 仅覆盖 AVGO,CRWD,PANW,NDX;NDX 是 Nasdaq-100 Index,不是经营公司,因此公司财务报表指标列为“不适用”。[S4][S5] |
| 三年期间 | AVGO 使用 FY2023、FY2024、FY2025;CRWD 使用 FY2024、FY2025、FY2026;PANW 使用 FY2023、FY2024、FY2025。[S1][S2][S3] |
| 金额单位 | 除特别注明外,金额均为 USD million;比率为自测算。[自测算] |
| ROE / ROA | ROE = 净利润 / 平均股东权益;ROA = 净利润 / 平均总资产。[自测算] |
| ROIC | ROIC = NOPAT / 平均投入资本;NOPAT = 经营利润 x (1 - 所得税率),所得税率以“所得税费用 / 税前利润”测算;若为税收收益、税前亏损或税率异常,则按 0% 处理;投入资本 = 有息债务 + 股东权益 - 现金。[自测算] |
| 现金流质量 | OCF / 净利润;净亏损年份该比率可为负,需结合 OCF 绝对额判断。[自测算] |
三年收入、净利润、毛利率、净利率趋势
| 对象 | 财年 | 收入 | 毛利润 | 净利润 | 毛利率 | 净利率 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AVGO | FY2023[S1] | $35,819.0[S1] | $24,690.0[S1] | 4,082.0[S1] | 68.9%[自测算] | 39.3%[自测算] |
| AVGO | FY2024[S1] | $51,574.0[S1] | $32,509.0[S1] | $5,895.0[S1] | 63.0%[自测算] | 11.4%[自测算] |
| AVGO | FY2025[S1] | $63,887.0[S1] | $43,294.0[S1] | $23,126.0[S1] | 67.8%[自测算] | 36.2%[自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2024[S2] | $3,055.6[S2] | $2,296.6[S2] | $72.2[S2] | 75.2%[自测算] | 2.4%[自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2025[S2] | $3,953.6[S2] | $2,963.5[S2] | $-15.2[S2] | 75.0%[自测算] | 0.4%[自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2026[S2] | $4,812.0[S2] | $3,593.1[S2] | $-162.5[S2] | 74.7%[自测算] | 3.4%[自测算] |
| PANW | FY2023[S3] | $6,892.7[S3] | $4,983.0[S3] | $439.7[S3] | 72.3%[自测算] | 6.4%[自测算] |
| PANW | FY2024[S3] | $8,027.5[S3] | $5,968.3[S3] | $2,577.6[S3] | 74.3%[自测算] | 32.1%[自测算] |
| PANW | FY2025[S3] | $9,221.5[S3] | $6,769.9[S3] | ,133.9[S3] | 73.4%[自测算] | 12.3%[自测算] |
| NDX | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] |
ROE / ROA / ROIC 分析
| 对象 | 财年 | 净利润 | 平均股东权益 | 平均总资产 | NOPAT | 平均投入资本 | ROE | ROA | ROIC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AVGO | FY2023[S1] | 4,082.0[S1] | $23,348.5[自测算] | $73,055.0[自测算] | 5,117.4[自测算] | $49,490.0[自测算] | 60.3%[自测算] | 19.3%[自测算] | 30.5%[自测算] |
| AVGO | FY2024[S1] | $5,895.0[S1] | $45,833.0[自测算] | 19,253.0[自测算] | $8,374.3[自测算] | $87,439.5[自测算] | 12.9%[自测算] | 4.9%[自测算] | 9.6%[自测算] |
| AVGO | FY2025[S1] | $23,126.0[S1] | $74,485.0[自测算] | 68,368.5[自测算] | $25,484.0[自测算] | 28,073.0[自测算] | 31.0%[自测算] | 13.7%[自测算] | 19.9%[自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2024[S2] | $72.2[S2] | ,883.8[自测算] | $5,836.5[自测算] | $-13.3[自测算] | $-289.7[自测算] | 3.8%[自测算] | 1.2%[自测算] | N/M[自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2025[S2] | $-15.2[S2] | $2,791.7[自测算] | $7,674.0[自测算] | $-116.4[自测算] | $-314.2[自测算] | 0.5%[自测算] | 0.2%[自测算] | N/M[自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2026[S2] | $-162.5[S2] | $3,853.9[自测算] | $9,894.1[自测算] | $-293.3[自测算] | $-178.0[自测算] | 4.2%[自测算] | 1.6%[自测算] | N/M[自测算] |
| PANW | FY2023[S3] | $439.7[S3] | $979.2[自测算] | 3,377.4[自测算] | $300.7[自测算] | $2,186.5[自测算] | 44.9%[自测算] | 3.3%[自测算] | 13.8%[自测算] |
| PANW | FY2024[S3] | $2,577.6[S3] | $3,459.1[自测算] | 7,246.0[自测算] | $683.9[自测算] | $3,601.5[自测算] | 74.5%[自测算] | 14.9%[自测算] | 19.0%[自测算] |
| PANW | FY2025[S3] | ,133.9[S3] | $6,497.1[自测算] | $21,783.6[自测算] | $883.2[自测算] | $5,077.1[自测算] | 17.5%[自测算] | 5.2%[自测算] | 17.4%[自测算] |
| NDX | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] |
| 对象 | 回报率解读 |
|---|---|
| AVGO | FY2025 的 ROE 为 31.0%、ROA 为 13.7%、ROIC 为 19.9%;较 FY2024 的 12.9%、4.9%、9.6% 回升,主要来自净利润和经营利润恢复。[S1][自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2026 的 ROE 为 -4.2%、ROA 为 -1.6%;投入资本为 $-178.0 million,因现金高于有息债务加权益后的投入资本口径,ROIC 标注为 N/M。[S2][自测算] |
| PANW | FY2025 的 ROE 为 17.5%、ROA 为 5.2%、ROIC 为 17.4%;FY2024 ROE 为 74.5%受到当年净利润和较低期初权益共同影响,不能简单线性外推。[S3][自测算] |
| NDX | NDX 不是经营公司,不能计算 ROE、ROA 或 ROIC。[S4][S5] |
杠杆与偿债指标
| 对象 | 财年 | 有息债务 | 现金 | 净债务 | 股东权益 | 总资产 | 总负债 | 债务/权益 | 净债务/权益 | 负债/资产 | 流动比率 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AVGO | FY2023[S1] | $39,184.0[S1] | 4,189.0[S1] | $24,995.0[自测算] | $23,988.0[S1] | $72,861.0[S1] | $48,873.0[S1] | 1.63x[自测算] | 1.04x[自测算] | 67.1%[自测算] | 2.82x[自测算] |
| AVGO | FY2024[S1] | $67,566.0[S1] | $9,348.0[S1] | $58,218.0[自测算] | $67,678.0[S1] | 65,645.0[S1] | $97,967.0[S1] | 1.00x[自测算] | 0.86x[自测算] | 59.1%[自测算] | 1.17x[自测算] |
| AVGO | FY2025[S1] | $65,136.0[S1] | 6,178.0[S1] | $48,958.0[自测算] | $81,292.0[S1] | 71,092.0[S1] | $89,800.0[S1] | 0.80x[自测算] | 0.60x[自测算] | 52.5%[自测算] | 1.71x[自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2024[S2] | $742.5[S2] | $3,375.1[S2] | $-2,632.6[自测算] | $2,304.0[S2] | $6,646.5[S2] | $4,309.4[S2] | 0.32x[自测算] | 1.14x[自测算] | 64.8%[自测算] | 1.76x[自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2025[S2] | $744.0[S2] | $4,323.3[S2] | $-3,579.3[自测算] | $3,279.5[S2] | $8,701.6[S2] | $5,382.7[S2] | 0.23x[自测算] | 1.09x[自测算] | 61.9%[自测算] | 1.77x[自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2026[S2] | $745.5[S2] | $5,230.1[S2] | $-4,484.7[自测算] | $4,428.4[S2] | 1,086.7[S2] | $6,614.1[S2] | 0.17x[自测算] | 1.01x[自测算] | 59.7%[自测算] | 1.77x[自测算] |
| PANW | FY2023[S3] | ,991.5[S3] | ,135.3[S3] | $856.2[自测算] | ,748.4[S3] | 4,501.1[S3] | 2,752.7[S3] | 1.14x[自测算] | 0.49x[自测算] | 87.9%[自测算] | 0.78x[自测算] |
| PANW | FY2024[S3] | $963.9[S3] | ,535.2[S3] | $-571.3[自测算] | $5,169.7[S3] | 9,990.9[S3] | 4,821.2[S3] | 0.19x[自测算] | 0.11x[自测算] | 74.1%[自测算] | 0.89x[自测算] |
| PANW | FY2025[S3] | $0.0[S3] | $2,268.6[S3] | $-2,268.6[自测算] | $7,824.4[S3] | $23,576.2[S3] | 5,751.8[S3] | 0.00x[自测算] | 0.29x[自测算] | 66.8%[自测算] | 0.94x[自测算] |
| NDX | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] |
| 对象 | 杠杆与偿债解读 |
|---|---|
| AVGO | FY2025 债务/权益为 0.80x、净债务/权益为 0.60x,低于 FY2024 的 1.00x 和 0.86x;负债/资产从 FY2024 的 59.1%降至 FY2025 的 52.5%。[S1][自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2026 现金为 $5,230.1 million、有息债务为 $745.5 million,净债务为 $-4,484.7 million;偿债压力主要不是债务本金,而是利润转负后的经营质量恢复。[S2][自测算] |
| PANW | FY2025 有息债务为 $0.0、现金为 $2,268.6 million,净债务为 $-2,268.6 million;流动比率为 0.94x,仍低于 1.00x。[S3][自测算] |
| NDX | 指数没有资产负债表,不能计算杠杆或偿债指标。[S4][S5] |
现金流质量
| 对象 | 财年 | 经营现金流 OCF | 净利润 | OCF / 净利润 | 现金流质量判断 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AVGO | FY2023[S1] | 8,085.0[S1] | 4,082.0[S1] | 1.28x[自测算] | OCF 高于净利润。[S1][自测算] |
| AVGO | FY2024[S1] | 9,962.0[S1] | $5,895.0[S1] | 3.39x[自测算] | 净利润受压但 OCF 覆盖较强。[S1][自测算] |
| AVGO | FY2025[S1] | $27,537.0[S1] | $23,126.0[S1] | 1.19x[自测算] | OCF 与净利润同步恢复。[S1][自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2024[S2] | ,166.2[S2] | $72.2[S2] | 16.16x[自测算] | 低净利润基数放大倍数。[S2][自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2025[S2] | ,381.7[S2] | $-15.2[S2] | 90.66x[自测算] | 净亏损但 OCF 为正。[S2][自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2026[S2] | ,612.3[S2] | $-162.5[S2] | 9.92x[自测算] | 净亏损扩大但 OCF 仍为正。[S2][自测算] |
| PANW | FY2023[S3] | $2,777.5[S3] | $439.7[S3] | 6.32x[自测算] | OCF 明显高于净利润。[S3][自测算] |
| PANW | FY2024[S3] | $3,257.6[S3] | $2,577.6[S3] | 1.26x[自测算] | OCF 高于净利润。[S3][自测算] |
| PANW | FY2025[S3] | $3,716.0[S3] | ,133.9[S3] | 3.28x[自测算] | OCF 对净利润覆盖增强。[S3][自测算] |
| NDX | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 指数无经营现金流。[S4][S5] |
关键财务指标与行业均值对比
| 对象 | 对比行业 | 最新财年 | 公司毛利率 | 行业毛利率 | 公司净利率 | 行业净利率 | 公司 ROE | 行业 ROE | 公司 ROIC | 行业税后 ROIC | 公司债务/权益 | 行业市场 D/E | 公司利息覆盖倍数 | 行业利息覆盖倍数 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AVGO | Semiconductor[S6][S7][S8][S9] | FY2025[S1] | 67.8%[自测算] | 58.97%[S6] | 36.2%[自测算] | 30.45%[S6] | 31.0%[自测算] | 31.36%[S7] | 19.9%[自测算] | 41.30%[S8] | 0.80x[自测算] | 2.58%[S9] | 7.94x[自测算] | 23.06x[S9] |
| CRWD | Software (System & Application)[S6][S7][S8][S9] | FY2026[S2] | 74.7%[自测算] | 71.72%[S6] | 3.4%[自测算] | 25.49%[S6] | 4.2%[自测算] | 29.62%[S7] | N/M[自测算] | 54.28%[S8] | 0.17x[自测算] | 5.67%[S9] | N/M[自测算] | 18.95x[S9] |
| PANW | Software (System & Application)[S6][S7][S8][S9] | FY2025[S3] | 73.4%[自测算] | 71.72%[S6] | 12.3%[自测算] | 25.49%[S6] | 17.5%[自测算] | 29.62%[S7] | 17.4%[自测算] | 54.28%[S8] | 0.00x[自测算] | 5.67%[S9] | 414.30x[自测算] | 18.95x[S9] |
| NDX | 指数,不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] | 不适用[S4][S5] |
| 对象 | 对比结论 |
|---|---|
| AVGO | FY2025 毛利率 67.8%高于 Semiconductor 行业 58.97%,净利率 36.2%高于行业 30.45%;但公司 ROIC 19.9%低于行业税后 ROIC 41.30%,反映收购后投入资本基数较大。[S1][S6][S8][自测算] |
| CRWD | FY2026 毛利率 74.7%高于 Software (System & Application) 行业 71.72%,但净利率 -3.4%低于行业 25.49%,ROE -4.2%低于行业 29.62%。[S2][S6][S7][自测算] |
| PANW | FY2025 毛利率 73.4%高于 Software (System & Application) 行业 71.72%,净利率 12.3%低于行业 25.49%;公司 FY2025 有息债务为 $0.0,利息覆盖倍数为 414.30x,偿债压力低于有债务发行人的常规口径。[S3][S6][S9][自测算] |
| NDX | NDX 用于市场表现跟踪,不具备行业均值财务对比意义。[S4][S5] |
资料来源 / Sources
[S1] SEC, Broadcom Inc. Companyfacts — https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001730168.json
[S2] SEC, CrowdStrike Holdings, Inc. Companyfacts — https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001535527.json
[S3] SEC, Palo Alto Networks, Inc. Companyfacts — https://data.sec.gov/api/xbrl/companyfacts/CIK0001327567.json
[S4] Nasdaq, Overview for NDX - Nasdaq-100 — https://indexes.nasdaqomx.com/Index/Overview/NDX
[S5] Nasdaq, NASDAQ-100 INDEX® NDX® Methodology — https://indexes.nasdaq.com/docs/Methodology_NDX.pdf
[S6] NYU Stern / Aswath Damodaran, Operating and Net Margins by Industry Sector (US) — https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/datafile/margin.html
[S7] NYU Stern / Aswath Damodaran, Return on Equity by Industry Sector (US) — https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/datafile/roe.html
[S8] NYU Stern / Aswath Damodaran, Return on Capital by Sector (US) — https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/datafile/roc.html
[S9] NYU Stern / Aswath Damodaran, Debt Ratio Trade Off Variables by Industry (US) — https://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/datafile/dbtfund.html